Process Physics

Professor Reg Cahill
Dr. Christopher Klinger
Dr Kirsty Kitto
Dr Lance McCarthy

Process Physics Papers:

Pete Brown at Mountain Man Graphics has generously hosted a compilation of Process Physics papers.

Some of the Process Physics papers are also archived at gr-qc arXiv and physics arXiv.

Various papers are also available at the Stanford Linear Accelerator High Energy Physics Library

Papers available here, in reverse chronological order:

Correlated Detection of sub-mHz Gravitational Waves by Two Optical-Fiber Interferometers
Published: Progress in Physics, 2, 103-110, 2008.
Abstract: Results from two optical-fiber gravitational-wave interferometric detectors are reported. The detector design is very small, cheap and simple to build and operate. Using two detectors has permitted various tests of the design principles as well as demonstrating the first simultaneous detection of correlated gravitational waves from detectors spatially separated by 1.1km. The frequency spectrum of the detected gravitational waves is sub-mHz with a strain spectral index a=-1.4 +/- 0.1. As well as characterising the wave effects the detectors also show, from data collected over some 80 days in the latter part of 2007, the dominant earth rotation effect and the earth orbit effect. The detectors operate by exploiting light speed anisotropy in optical-fibers. The data confirms previous observations of light speed anisotropy, earth rotation and orbit effects, and gravitational waves.

A Quantum Cosmology: No Dark Matter, Dark Energy nor Accelerating Universe

Abstract: We show that modelling the universe as a pre-geometric system with emergent quantum modes, and then constructing the classical limit, we obtain a new account of space and gravity that goes beyond Newtonian gravity even in the non-relativistic limit. This account does not require dark matter to explain the spiral galaxy rotation curves, and explains as well the observed systematics of black hole masses in spherical star systems, the bore hole $g$ anomalies, gravitational lensing and so on. As well the dynamics has a Hubble expanding universe solution that gives an excellent parameter-free account of the supernovae and gamma-ray-burst red-shift data, without dark energy or dark matter. The Friedmann-Lema\^{i}tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric is derived from this dynamics, but is shown not satisfy the General Relativity based Friedmann equations. It is noted that General Relativity dynamics only permits an expanding flat 3-space solution if the energy density in the pressure-less dust approximation is non-zero. As a consequence dark energy and dark matter are required in this cosmological model, and as well the prediction of a future exponential accelerating Hubble expansion. The FLRW $\Lambda$CDM model data-based parameter values, $\Omega_\Lambda=0.73$, $\Omega_{DM}=0.27$, are derived within the quantum cosmology model, but are shown to be merely artifacts of using the Friedmann equations in fitting the red-shift data.

Optical-Fiber Gravitational Wave Detector: Dynamical 3-Space Turbulence Detected
Published: Progress in Physics, 4, 63-68, 2007.
Abstract: Preliminary results from an optical-fiber gravitational wave interferometric detector are reported. The detector is very small, cheap and simple to build and operate. It is assembled from readily available opto-electronic components. A parts list is given. The detector can operate in two modes: one in which only instrument noise is detected, and data from a 24 hour period is reported for this mode, and in a 2nd mode in which the gravitational waves are detected as well, and data from a 24 hour period is analysed. Comparison shows that the instrument has a high S/N ratio. The frequency spectrum of the gravitational waves shows a pink noise spectrum, from 0 to 0.1Hz.

Dynamical 3-Space: A Review
To be published in Physical Interpretations of Relativity Theory
Abstract: For some 100 years physics has modelled space and time via the spacetime concept, with space being merely an observer dependent perspective effect of that spacetime - space itself had no observer independent existence - it had no ontological status, and it certainly had no dynamical description. In recent years this has all changed. In 2002 it was discovered that a dynamical 3-space had been detected many times, including the Michelson-Morley 1887 light-speed anisotropy experiment. Here we review the dynamics of this 3-space, tracing its evolution from that of an emergent phenomena in the information-theoretic Process Physics to the phenomenological description in terms of a velocity field describing the relative internal motion of the structured 3-space. The new physics of the dynamical 3-space is extensively tested against experimental and astronomical observations, including the necessary generalisation of the Maxwell, Schrodinger and Dirac equations, leading to a derivation and explanation of gravity as a refraction effect of quantum matter waves. The flat and curved spacetime formalisms are derived from the new physics, so explaining their apparent many successes.

Dynamical 3-Space: Alternative Explanation of the `Dark Matter Ring'
Published: Progress in Physics, 4, 13-17, 2007.
Abstract: NASA has claimed the discovery of a `Ring of Dark Matter' in the galaxy cluster CL 0024+17, see Jee M.J. et al. arXiv:0705.2171, based upon gravitational lensing data. Here we show that the lensing can be given an alternative explanation that does not involve `dark matter'. This explanation comes from the new dynamics of 3-space. This dynamics involves two constant G and alpha - the fine structure constant. This dynamics has explained the bore hole anomaly, spiral galaxy flat rotation speeds, the masses of black holes in spherical galaxies, gravitational light bending and lensing, all without invoking `dark matter', and also the supernova redshift data without the need for `dark energy'.

Dynamical 3-Space: Supernovae and the Hubble Expansion - Older Universe and End of Dark Energy
Published: Progress in Physics, 4, 9-12, 2007.
Abstract: We apply the new dynamics of 3-space to cosmology by deriving a Hubble expansion solution. This dynamics involves two constants; G and alpha - the fine structure constant. This solution gives an excellent parameter-free fit to the recent supernova and gamma-ray burst data without the need for `dark energy' or `dark matter'. The data and theory together imply an older age for the universe of some 14.7Gyrs. Various problems such as fine tuning, the event horizon problem etc are now resolved. A brief review discusses the origin of the 3-space dynamics and how that dynamics explained the bore hole anomaly, spiral galaxy flat rotation speeds, the masses of black holes in spherical galaxies, gravitational light bending and lensing, all without invoking `dark matter' or `dark energy'. These developments imply that a new understanding of the universe is now available.

Understanding the Retardation of the Returned Astronaut's Clock and GPS Clocks Using the Physical Behaviour of Moving Clocks
Published: Apeiron, 14, 481-511, 2007.
Abstract: The prediction of retardation of an astronautÕs clock during a round trip, compared to the clock of the stay-at-home, introduced by Einstein in his 1905 paper has been the most contentious issue for relativity. This resulted in a raging controversy in journals in the mid to late 1950s. There was no discussion about the physical nature of clocks. Some current writers still claim that it is necessary to use general relativity. We will show that this is not correct. Special relativity makes correct predictions in accord with experimental data. Here we examine this question using the physical behaviour of moving light clocks and gain insight into the returning astronaut experiment and a deeper understanding of the nature of space and time.

Deriving the General Relativity Formalism: Understanding its Successes and Failures

Abstract: There are now at least eight experiments extending over more than 100 years that have detected the anisotropy of the speed of light, implying the absolute motion of the detecting apparatus through a dynamical space. This light-speed anisotropy is consistent with relativistic effects and Lorentz symmetry, contrary to prevailing beliefs in physics. The theoretical and experimental evidence implies that physics has failed to realise the existence of a dynamical 3-space, and that motion relative to that space is the cause of various relativistic effects, as proposed by Lorentz in 1899. This has resulted in a necessary generalisation of the Maxwell, Schrodinger and Dirac equations, which then provide an explanation for gravity as an emergent phenomenon within the new physics. From the generalised Dirac equation we show that the spacetime formalism is derivable, but as merely a mathematical construct whose geodesics arise from the trajectories of quantum wavepackets in the 3-space. However the metric of this spacetime is shown not to satisfy the Hilbert-Einstein equations, except in the special case of the Schwarzschild metric. Hence we demonstrate that the successes of the General Relativity formalism have been more illusory than real, that its successes are in fact quite limited, which explains why it failed to account for the bore hole anomaly, the so-called `dark matter' spiral galaxy rotation anomaly, the systematics of black hole masses and so on. It also failed in that the dynamics of the 3-space is determined by two fundamental constants, namely G and the fine structure constant alpha.

A New Light-Speed Anisotropy Experiment: Absolute Motion and Gravitational Waves Detected
Published: Progress in Physics, 4, 73-92, 2006.
Abstract: Data from a new experiment measuring the anisotropy of the one-way speed of EM waves in a coaxial cable, gives the speed of light as 300,000+\-400+\-20km/s in a measured direction RA=5.5+\-2hrs, Dec=70+\-10deg.S, is shown to be in excellent agreement with the results from seven previous anisotropy experiments, particularly those of Miller (1925/26), and even those of Michelson and Morley (1887). The Miller gas-mode interferometer results, and those from the RF coaxial cable experiments of Torr and Kolen (1983), De Witte (1991) and the new experiment all reveal the presence of gravitational waves, as indicated by the last $\pm$ variations above, but of a kind different from those supposedly predicted by General Relativity. Miller repeated the Michelson-Morley 1887 gas-mode interferometer experiment and again detected the anisotropy of the speed of light, primarily in the years 1925/1926 atop Mt.Wilson, California. The understanding of the operation of the Michelson interferometer in gas-mode was only achieved in 2002 and involved a calibration for the interferometer that necessarily involved Special Relativity effects and the refractive index of the gas in the light paths. The results demonstrate the reality of the Fitzgerald-Lorentz contraction as an observer independent relativistic effect. A common misunderstanding is that the anisotropy of the speed of light is necessarily in conflict with Special Relativity and Lorentz symmetry --- this is explained. All eight experiments and theory show that we have both anisotropy of the speed of light and relativistic effects, and that a dynamical 3-space exists --- that absolute motion through that space has been repeatedly observed since 1887. These developments completely change fundamental physics and our understanding of reality. ``Modern'' vacuum-mode Michelson interferometers, particularly the long baseline terrestrial versions, are, by design flaw, incapable of detecting the anisotropy effect and the gravitational waves.

Black Holes and Quantum Theory: The Fine Structure Constant Connection
Published: Progress in Physics, 4, 44-50, 2006.
Abstract: The new dynamical theory of space is further confirmed by showing that the black hole masses M_BH in 19 spherical star systems, from globular clusters to galaxies, with masses M, satisfy the prediction that M_BH=alpha M/2, where alpha is the fine structure constant. As well the necessary and unique generalisations of the Schrodinger and Dirac equations permit the first derivation of gravity from a deeper theory, showing that gravity is a quantum effect of quantum matter interacting with the dynamical space. As well the necessary generalisation of Maxwell's equations displays the observed light bending effects. Finally it is shown from the generalised Dirac equation where the spacetime mathematical formalism, and the accompanying geodesic prescription for matter trajectories, comes from. The new theory of space is non-local and we see many parallels between this and quantum theory, in addition to the fine structure constant manifesting in both, so supporting the argument that space is a quantum foam system, as implied by the deeper information-theoretic theory known as Process Physics. The spatial dynamics also provides an explanation for the `dark matter' effect and as well the non-locality of the dynamics provides a mechanism for generating the uniformity of the universe, so explaining the cosmological horizon problem.

The Roland De Witte 1991 Detection of Absolute Motion and Gravitational Waves
Published: Progress in Physics, 3, 60-65, 2006.
Abstract: In 1991 Roland De Witte carried out an experiment in Brussels in which variations in the one-way speed of RF waves through a coaxial cable were recorded over 178 days. The data from this experiment shows that De Witte had detected absolute motion of the earth through space, as had six earlier experiments, beginning with the Michelson-Morley experiment of 1887. His results are in excellent agreement with the extensive data from the Miller 1925/26 detection of absolute motion using a gas-mode Michelson interferometer atop Mt.Wilson, California. The De Witte data reveals turbulence in the flow which amounted to the detection of gravitational waves. Similar effects were also seen by Miller, and by Torr and Kolen in their coaxial cable experiment. Here we bring together what is known about the De Witte experiment.

3-Space In-Flow Theory of Gravity: Boreholes, Blackholes and the Fine Structure Constant
Published: Progress in Physics, 4, 9-16, 2006.
Abstract: A theory of 3-space explains the phenomenon of gravity as arising from the time-dependence and inhomogeneity of the differential flow of this 3-space. The emergent theory of gravity has two gravitational constants: G - Newton's constant, and a dimensionless constant. Various experiments and astronomical observations have shown that this constant is the fine structure constant: 1/137. Here we analyse the Greenland Ice Shelf and Nevada Test Site borehole g anomalies, and confirm with increased precision this value. This and other successful tests of this theory of gravity, including the supermassive black holes in globular clusters and galaxies, and the `dark-matter' effect in spiral galaxies, demonstrates the validity of this theory of gravity. This success implies that the non-relativistic Newtonian gravity was fundamentally flawed from the beginning, and that this flaw was inherited by the relativistic General Relativity theory of gravity.

Dynamical Fractal 3-Space and the Generalised Schroedinger Equation: Equivalence Principle and Vorticity Effects
Published: Progress in Physics, 1, 27-34, 2006.
Abstract: The new dynamical `quantum foam' theory of 3-space is described at the classical level by a velocity field. This has been repeatedly detected and for which the dynamical equations are now established. These equations predict 3-space `gravitational wave' effects, and these have been observed, and the 1991 DeWitte data is analysed to reveal the fractal structure of these `gravitational waves'. This velocity field describes the differential motion of 3-space, and the various equations of physics must be generalised to incorporate this 3-space dynamics. Here a new generalised Schroedinger equation is given and analysed. It is shown that from this equation the equivalence principle may be derived as a quantum effect, and that as well this generalised Schroedinger equation determines the effects of vorticity of the 3-space flow, or `frame-dragging', on matter, and which is being studied by the Gravity Probe B (GP-B) satellite gyroscope experiment.

Black Holes in Elliptical and Spiral Galaxies and in Globular Clusters
Published: Progress in Physics, 3, 51-56, 2005.
Abstract: Supermassive black holes have been discovered at the centers of galaxies, and also in globular clusters. The data shows correlations between the black hole mass and the elliptical galaxy mass or globular cluster mass. It is shown that this correlation is accurately predicted by a theory of gravity which includes the new dynamics of self-interacting space. In spiral galaxies this dynamics is shown to explain the so-called `dark matter' rotation-curve anomaly, and also explains the earth based bore-hole g anomaly data. Together these effects imply that the strength of the self-interaction dynamics is determined by the fine structure constant. This has major implications for fundamental physics and cosmology.

The Michelson and Morley 1887 Experiment and the Discovery of Absolute Motion
Published: Progress in Physics, 3, 25-29, 2005.
Abstract: Physics textbooks assert that in the famous interferometer 1887 experiment to detect absolute motion Michelson and Morley saw no rotation-induced fringe shifts - the signature of absolute motion; it was a null experiment. However this is incorrect. Their published data revealed to them the expected fringe shifts, but that data gave a speed of some 8km/s using a Newtonian theory for the calibration of the interferometer, and so was rejected by them solely because it was less than the 30km/s orbital speed of the earth. A 2002 post relativistic-effects analysis for the operation of the device however gives a different calibration leading to a speed > 300km/s. So this experiment detected both absolute motion and the breakdown of Newtonian physics. So far another six experiments have confirmed this first detection of absolute motion in 1887.

Engineering the Quantum Foam
Published: On Transient Realities and Their Generators, 170-179, FoAM, Brussels, Belgium, 2006.
Abstract: In 1990 Alcubierre, within the General Relativity model for space-time, proposed a scenario for `warp drive' faster than light travel, in which objects would achieve such speeds by actually being stationary within a bubble of space which itself was moving through space, the idea being that the speed of the bubble was not itself limited by the speed of light. However that scenario required exotic matter to stabilise the boundary of the bubble. Here that proposal is re-examined within the context of the new modelling of space in which space is a quantum system, viz a quantum foam, with on-going classicalisation. This model has lead to the resolution of a number of longstanding problems, including a dynamical explanation for the so-called `dark matterÌ effect. It has also given the first evidence of quantum gravity effects, as experimental data has shown that a new dimensionless constant characterising the self-interaction of space is the fine structure constant. The studies here begin the task of examining to what extent the new spatial self-interaction dynamics can play a role in stabilising the boundary without exotic matter, and whether the boundary stabilisation dynamics can be engineered; this would amount to quantum gravity engineering.

The Speed of Light and the Einstein Legacy: 1905-2005
Published: Infinite Energy, Volume 10, Issue 60, pp. 28-37(2005).
Abstract: That the speed of light is always c (approx 300,000 km/s) relative to any observer in nonaccelerating motion is one of the foundational concepts of physics. Experimentally this was supposed to have been first revealed by the 1887 Michelson-Morley experiment, and was made one of EinsteinÌs key postulates of Special Relativity in 1905. However in 2002 the actual 1887 fringe shift data was analysed for the first time with a theory for the Michelson interferometer that used both the Fitzgerald-Lorentz contraction effect, as well as the effect of the air on the speed of light. That analysis showed that the data gave an absolute motion speed in excess of 300 km/s. So far six other experiments have been shown to give the same result. This implies that the foundations of physics require significant revision. As well data shows that both Newtonian gravity and General Relativity are also seriously flawed, and a new theory of gravity is shown to explain various so-called gravitational `anomaliesÌ, including the `dark matter' effect. So the centenary of EinsteinÌs Special Relativity turns out to be also its demise. Most importantly absolute motion is now understood to be the cause of the various relativistic effects, in complete contradiction with the Einstein viewpoint, but in accord with the earlier proposal by Lorentz.

The Einstein Postulates: 1905-2005; A Critical Review of the Evidence
Published: Einstein and Poincare: The Physical Vacuum ed. Vladimir V. Dvoeglazov, Apeiron, Montreal, 2005., Volume 10, Issue 60, pp.
Abstract: The Einstein postulates assert an invariance of the propagation speed of light in vacuum for any observer, and which amounts to a presumed absence of any preferred frame. The postulates appear to be directly linked to relativistic effects which emerge from Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity, which is based upon the concept of a flat spacetime on to log y, and which the n lead to the General Theory of Relativity with its curved spacetime model for gravity. While the relativistic effects are well established experimentally it is now known that numerous experiments, beginning with the Michelson-Morley experiment of 1887, have always shown that the postulates themselves are false, namely that there is a detectable local preferred frame of reference. This critique briefly reviews the experimental evidence regarding the failure of the postulates, and the implications for our understanding of fundamental physics, and in particular for our understanding of gravity. A new theory of gravity is seen to be necessary, and this results in an explanation of the `dark matter' effect entailing the discovery that the fine structure constant is a 2nd gravitational constant.

Novel Gravity Probe B Gravitational Wave Detection
To be published: Relativity, Gravitation, Cosmology
Abstract: The Gravity Probe B (GP-B) satellite experiment will measure the precession of on-board gyroscopes to extraordinary accuracy. Such precessions are predicted by General Relativity (GR), and one component of this precession is the `frame-dragging' or Lense-Thirring effect, which is caused by the rotation of the earth, and the other is the geodetic effect. A new theory of gravity predicts, however, a second and much larger `frame-dragging' or vorticity induced spin precession. This spin precession component will also display the effects of novel gravitational waves which are predicted by the new theory of gravity, and which have already been seen in several experiments. The magnitude and signature of these gravitational wave induced spin precession effects is given for comparison with the GP-B experimental data.

The Dynamical Velocity Superposition Effect in the Quantum-Foam In-Flow Theory of Gravity
To be published: Relativity, Gravitation, Cosmology
Abstract: The new `quantum-foam in-flow' theory of gravity has explained numerous so-called gravitational anomalies, particularly the `dark matter' effect which is now seen to be a dynamical effect of space itself, and whose strength is determined by the fine structure constant, and not by Newton's gravitational constant G. Here we show an experimentally significant approximate dynamical effect, namely a vector superposition effect which arises under certain dynamical conditions when we have absolute motion and gravitational in-flows: the velocities for these processes are shown to be approximately vectorially additive under these conditions. This effect plays a key role in interpreting the data from the numerous experiments that detected the absolute linear motion of the earth. The violations of this superposition effect lead to observable effects, such as the generation of turbulence. The flow theory also leads to vorticity effects that the Gravity Probe B gyroscope experiment will soon begin observing. As previously reported General Relativity predicts a smaller vorticity effect (therein called the Lense-Thirring `frame-dragging' effect) than the new theory of gravity.

Novel Gravity Probe B Frame-Dragging Effect
Published: Progress in Physics, 3, 30-33, 2005.
Abstract: The Gravity Probe B (GP-B) satellite experiment will measure the precession of on-board gyroscopes to extraordinary accuracy. Such precessions are predicted by General Relativity (GR), and one component of this precession is the `frame-dragging' or Lense-Thirring effect, which is caused by the rotation of the earth. A new theory of gravity, which passes the same extant tests of GR, predicts, however, a second and much larger `frame-dragging' precession. The magnitude and signature of this larger effect is given for comparison with the GP-B data.

Space and Gravitation
Published: Magister Botanicus, Volume 2, pp. 13-22, January 2004.
Abstract: Space is that entity in which we find ourselves; we are located in space. But how should we categorise space? Is it a `thing' or is it a `process'? From at least the early Greeks to the present day this question has been examined again and again, but has remained unanswered. However some recent discoveries have cast a new light on this essential core of existence, and the experimental evidence is strongly indicating that modern day physics has got it very wrong. Gravity is apparently an aspect of space which has gone through various possible explanations, from the force concept by Newton, as expressed in his famous inverse square law, to Einsteins curved spacetime formalism. However experiment and observations are indicating that both of these explanations are seriously flawed; they are both in strong disagreement with observation. Here we sketch the nature of a new modelling of reality, known as Process Physics, and reveal some of the startling predictions that it makes about space and gravitation, and how these have been confirmed by experiment and observations. In doing so the prevailing paradigms in current physics are being overturned.

'Dark Matter' as a Quantum Foam In-Flow Effect
Published: Trends in Dark Matter Research, ed. J. Val Blain, Nova Science Pub., pp. 95-140, NY(2005).
Abstract: The galactic `dark matter' effect is regarded as one of the major problems in fundamental physics. Here it is explained as a self-interaction dynamical effect of space itself, and so is not caused by an unknown form of matter. Because it was based on Kepler's Laws for the motion of the planets in the solar system the Newtonian theory of gravity was too restricted. A reformulation and generalisation of the Newtonian theory of gravity in terms of a velocity in-flow field, representing at a classical level the relative motion of a quantum-foam substructure to space, reveals a key dynamical feature of the phenomenon of gravity, namely the so called `dark matter' effect, which manifests not only in spiral galaxy rotation curves, but also in the borehole g anomaly, globular and galactic black holes, and in ongoing problems in improving the accuracy with which Newton's gravitational constant G is measured. The new theory of gravity involves an additional new dimensionless gravitational constant, and experimental data reveals this to be the fine structure constant. The new theory correctly predicts the globular cluster black hole masses, that the so-called `dark matter' networks revealed via weak gravitational lensing are caused by quantum-foam vortex filaments, and that the `frame-dragging' effect is caused by vorticity in the in-flow. The relationship of the new theory of gravity to General Relativity which, like Newtonian gravity, does not have the `dark matter' dynamics, is explained.

Gravity, 'Dark Matter' and the Fine Structure Constant
Published: Apeiron, No.2, 12, pp. 144-177(2005).
Abstract: Gravitational anomalies such as the mine/borehole g anomaly, the near flatness of the spiral galaxy rotation-velocity curves, currently interpreted as a `dark matter' effect, the absence of that effect in ordinary elliptical galaxies, and the ongoing problems in accurately determining Newton's gravitational constant G are explained by a generalisation of the Newtonian theory of gravity to a fluid flow formalism with one new dimensionless constant. This leads to the new phenomenon of gravitational attractors. By analysing the borehole data this new constant is shown to be the fine structure constant alpha = e^2/h-bar*c ~ 1/137. The spiral galaxy `dark matter' effect and the globular cluster central `black hole' masses for M15 and G1 are then predicted. This formalism also explains the cause of the long-standing uncertainties in G_N and leads to the introduction of a fundamental gravitational constant G with value G = (6.6526 +/- 0.013) × 10^-11 m^3 s^-2 kg^-1. The occurrence of alpha implies that space has a quantum structure, and we have the first evidence of quantum gravity effects.

Quantum-Foam In-Flow Theory of Gravity and the Global Positioning System (GPS)
Abstract: It is shown that a new quantum-foam in-flow theory of gravity is mathematically equivalent to the General Relativity theory of gravity for the operation of the Global Positioning System (GPS). The differences between the two theories become experimentally evident in other situations such as in the so-called `dark matter' effect, in the observation of absolute motion and ipso facto in the observation of the in-flow motion into the Sun, and in the observation of a new class of gravitational waves, effects which are present in existing experimental observations, but are not within General Relativity. This new theory of gravity arises within the information-theoretic Process Physics.

Quantum-Foam, Gravity and Gravitational Waves
Published: Relativity, Gravitation, Cosmology, pp. 168-226, Nova Science Pub. NY(2004).
Abstract: It is shown that both the Newtonian and General Relativity theories for gravity may be re-formulated as in-flow dynamics in which a substratum is effectively absorbed by matter, with the gravitational force determined by inhomogeneities of that flow. Analysis herein of the 1925-26 Dayton Miller interferometer data reveals such a gravitational in-flow of space past the Earth into the Sun. This data and that from the 1991 Roland DeWitte coaxial cable experiment also suggests that the in-flow is turbulent, which amounts to the observation of a gravitational wave phenomena. A generalisation of the in-flow formalisms is proposed which passes all the tests that General Relativity passed, but as well the new theory suggests that the so-called spiral galaxy rotation-velocity anomaly may be explained without the need of `dark matter'. As well analysis of data from the Michelson and Morley, Miller, Illingworth, Jaseja et al, Torr and Kolen, and DeWitte experiments reveal motion relative to the substratum. Special relativity effects are caused by motion relative to the substratum. This implies that a new ontology underlies the spacetime formalism.

Gravity as Quantum Foam In-Flow
Published: Apeiron, Vol. 11, No.1, pp. 1-52(2004).
Abstract: The new information-theoretic Process Physics provides an explanation of space as a quantum foam system in which gravity is an inhomogeneous flow of the quantum foam into matter. The older Newtonian and General Relativity theories for gravity are analysed. It is shown that Newtonian gravity may be written in the form of an in-flow. General Relativity is also analysed as an in-flow, for those cases where it has been tested. An analysis of various experimental data demonstrates that absolute motion relative to space has been observed by Michelson and Morley, Miller, Illingworth, Jaseja et al, Torr and Kolen, and by DeWitte. The Dayton Miller and Roland DeWitte data also reveal the in-flow of space into matter which manifests as gravity. The experimental data suggests that the in-flow is turbulent, which amounts to the observation of a gravitational wave phenomena. A new in-flow theory of gravity is proposed which passes all the tests that General Relativity was claimed to have passed, but as well the new theory suggests that the so-called spiral galaxy rotation-velocity anomaly may be explained without the need of `dark matter'. Various other gravitational anomalies also appear to be explainable. Newtonian gravity appears to be strictly valid only outside of spherically symmetric matter systems.

Absolute Motion and Gravitational Effects
Published: Apeiron, Vol. 11, No.1, pp. 53-111(2004).
Abstract: The new Process Physics provides a new explanation of space as a quantum foam system in which gravity is an inhomogeneous flow of the quantum foam into matter. An analysis of various experiments demonstrates that absolute motion relative to space has been observed experimentally by Michelson and Morley, Miller, Illingworth, Jaseja et al, Torr and Kolen, and by DeWitte. The Dayton Miller and Roland DeWitte data also reveal the in-flow of space into matter which manifests as gravity. The in-flow also manifests turbulence and the experimental data confirms this as well, which amounts to the observation of a gravitational wave phenomena. The Einstein assumptions leading to the Special and General Theory of Relativity are shown to be falsified by the extensive experimental data. Contrary to the Einstein assumptions absolute motion is consistent with relativistic effects, which are caused by actual dynamical effects of absolute motion through the quantum foam, so that it is Lorentzian relativity that is seen to be essentially correct.

Process Physics
Published: Process Studies Supplement, Issue 5, 1-131(2003).
Abstract: This is a review of the new information-theoretic Process Physics. The fundamental assumption is that reality is to be modelled as self-organising semantic or relational information using a self-referentially limited neural network model, where the information-theoretic limitations are implemented via self-referential noise. This modelling was motivated by the discovery that such stochastic neural networks are foundational to known quantum field theories. In Process Physics time is a distinct non-geometric process while space and quantum physics are emergent and unified. Quantum phenomena are caused by fractal topological defects embedded in and forming a growing three-dimensional fractal process-space, which is essentially a quantum foam. Other features are the emergence of quantum field theory with flavour and confined colour, limited causality and the Born quantum measurement metarule, inertia, time-dilation effects, gravity and the equivalence principle, a growing universe with a cosmological constant, black holes and event horizons, and the emergence of classicality. The unification of the quantum foam structure of space with the quantum nature of matter amounts to the discovery of quantum gravity. Gravity is essentially an in-flow effect associated with the loss of information. A new theory of gravity for the classical limit is proposed, and shown to pass the key tests. A detailed analysis of various experiments demonstrates that absolute motion with respect to this space of quantum foam has been observed experimentally by Michelson and Morley, Miller, Illingworth, DeWitte and others. The Dayton Miller and Roland DeWitte data also reveal the in-flow of space into matter which manifests as gravity. The in-flow also manifests turbulence and the experimental data confirms this as well, which amounts to the observation of a gravitational wave phenomena. The Einstein assumptions leading to the Special and General Theory of Relativity are shown to be falsified by the extensive experimental data. Contrary to the Einstein assumptions absolute motion is consistent with relativistic effects, which are caused by actual dynamical effects of absolute motion through the quantum foam, so that it is Lorentzian relativity that is seen to be essentially correct. Process Physics brings physics very much into accord with the general concepts of Process Philosophy. The success of this new physics has profound implications for our comprehension of reality. (110 pages)

The Miller paper is available here: Miller 1933

The Michelson-Morley paper is available here: 1887

Dynamical Hierarchies in Fundamental Physics
Abstract: A new process orientated physics is being developed at Flinders University. These ideas were initially motivated by deep unsolved problems in fundamental physics, such as the difficulty of quantizing gravity, the missing arrow of time, the question of how to interpret quantum mechanics, and perhaps most importantly, a problem with the very methodology of our fundamental descriptions of the Universe. A proposed solution to these problems, Process Physics, has led to what can be viewed as a hierarchical model of reality featuring a Universe that exhibits behaviour very reminiscent of living systems.

K. Kitto, Dynamical Hierarchies in Fundamental Physics, p55, in Workshop Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems (ALife VIII)}, E. Bilotta et al., Eds. (Univ. New South Wales, Australia, 2002).

Absolute Motion and Quantum Gravity
This paper has been superceded by the new analysis in the paper Process Physics. The understanding of the galactic in-flow effect was not immediate: In Michelson-Morley Experiments Revisted and the Cosmic Background Radiation Preferred Frame the direction was not determined, though the speed was found to be comparable to the CMB determined speed. In Analysis of Data from a Quantum Gravity Experiment that the directions were very different was noted but not appreciated, and in fact thought to be due to experimental error. In the paper Absolute Motion and Quantum Gravity an analysis of some of the `smoother' Michelson-Morley data resulted in an incorrect direction. At that stage it was not understood that the data showed large fluctuations in the azimuth apparently caused by the turbulence. The issue is hopefully finally resolved.

Analysis of Data from a Quantum Gravity Experiment
Process physics gives a new account of how Michelson interferometers operate when in gas mode. In particular they can detect absolute motion through the quantum foam, as shown in the previous paper. Here this new physics is applied to the extensive data from gas-mode interferometer observations by Miller (1933). The speed of in-flow of the quantum foam towards the Sun is determined from Miller's data to be 47 +\- 6 km/s, compared to the theoretical value of 42 km/s. This observed in-flow is a signature of aquantum gravity effect in the new physics.

Michelson-Morley Experiments Revisted and the Cosmic Background Radiation Preferred Frame
The Michelson-Morley interferometer experiments were designed to measure the speed of the Earth through the aether. The results were always believed to have been null - no effect. This outcome formed the basis for Einstein's Special and General Relativity formalism. The new process physics shows that absolute motion, now understood to be relative to the quantum foam that is space, is observable, but only if the interferometer operates in gas mode. A re-analysis here shows that the results from the gas-mode interferometers were not null, but in fact large when re-analysed to take account of the effect of the air, or helium, in which the apparatus operated. The speed of absolute motion is comparable to that determined from the Cosmic Background Radiation anisotropy, but the direction is not revealed. So absolute motion is meaningful and measureable, thus refuting Einstein's assumption. This discovery shows that a major re-assessment of the interpretation of the Special and General Relativity formalism is called for, a task already provided by Process Physics. This new information-theoretic physics makes it clear that Michelson-Morley type experiments are detecting motion through the quantum foam, which is space. Hence we see direct evidence of quantum gravity effects, as predicted by Process Physics. (This version corrects an earlier version of this paper, at arXiv:physics/0205065.)

Published in Apeiron, Vol. 10, No.2, 104-117, April 2003. Published version also here.

Process Physics: From Quantum Foam to General Relativity
Quantum Field Theory and Quantum Gravity unified, with the phenomenology of General Relativity emerging. This paper predicted that the measurement protocol underlying the formalism of Special and General Relativity would be found to be flawed. See above paper for confirmation of this.

Smart Nanostructures and Synthetic Quantum Systems
A discussion of possible applications of Process Physics.
Published in BioMEMS and Smart Nanostructures, Proceedings of SPIE Conference #4590, L.B. Kish, ed. pp. 319-328, 2001.

Process Physics: Inertia, Gravity and the Quantum
Process Physics links to the phenomena of inertia and gravity. Space shown to be a quantum foam.
Published in General Relativity and Gravitation, 34, 1637-1656(2002).

Process Physics: Modelling Reality as Self-Organising Information
Published in The Physicist, 37(6), 191-195, 2000.

Self-Referential Noise as a Fundamental Aspect of Reality
Published in Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Unsolved Problems of Noise and Fluctuations (UPoN 99), eds. D. Abbott and L. Kish, Adelaide, Australia, 11-15th July 1999, Vol. 511, p. 43, American Institute of Physics, New York, 2000.

Self-Referential Noise and the Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Space
Published in General Relativity and Gravitation 32, 529,2000.

Bootstrap Universe from Self-Referential Noise
Published: Progress in Physics, 2, 108-112, 2005.
This is the paper that introduced the key concept of `Self-Referential Noise'.

Pregeometric Modelling of the Spacetime Phenomenology
Published in Physics Letters A223, 313-319,1996.
A precursor to Process Physics before process-time and concept of `Self-Referential Noise' were introduced.

Process Physics media articles:

Process Physics was featured as the cover story in P.M. Magazin , September 2003, in an article "Das Universum hat ein Bewusstsein!", by Peter Ripota.

Articles on Process Physics by Horacio Velasco are The Objects of Meaning from the Limits of Logic and Mind as Reflection of Process Physics and the Semantic of Reality

Here is a feature story on Process Physics from the Adelaide Advertiser Newspaper, June 24, 2000, "Chance is Everything", by Mark Steene.

There is another general article in the Flinders Journal, 11(4), 2000, "Is Reality a Side-Effect of Randomness?", by Charles Gent.

This new information-theoretic process physics was featured as the cover story in New Scientist, 26 February 2000 No. 2227 pp. 24-28 in an article " Random Reality" (pdf) or " Random Reality" (scanned images), by Marcus Chown.

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